
Snippet 27: Airspace Enlargement with Fibrosis (AEF)
Airspace enlargement with fibrosis (AEF) is a distinct entity where fibrosis within areas of emphysema produces a characteristic appearance in patients with COPD, both in smokers and never-smokers
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Airspace enlargement with fibrosis (AEF) is non a well-known entity. It has been described only in smokers and often labeled as or considered part of smoking related interstitial fibrosis (AEF).
I first described this in snippet 13, when I enumerated the various findings that occur in smokers.

Recently, I saw AEF in a never-smoker and described it briefly.
Probably the best description of this subject is in this paper.

The video describes the entity and the "stalactite and stalagmite" sign, discusses how to diagnose it and differentiate it from honeycombing and emphysema along with the relevance and prognosis of making this diagnosis.
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